Monday, 28 November 2011

Audience Targetting for NME

1)      Core buyer of NME; mainly 25 year old men (73%)
2)      Are they targeting niche/small or mass market?  Mass market
3)      How do they target different audiences?
·         NME classified: 26% full time students
·         72% have broadband
·         59% want to keep up with the latest technologies
·         79% want to listen to new bands
·         52% are interested in a musical course/ qualification
·         NME live: 77% have been to at least 1 rock concert in 2007
·         67% will be attending a festival this year
·         70% of gig goers went for the atmosphere as well as the music
·         NME.com: 93% own a computer
·         56% visit NME.com everyday
·         96% can easily access the internet

4)      What do they offer them in terms of the products they offer/produce? Magazines, NME TV, radio station, award ceremony, night club, merchandise, festivals.
5)      What opportunities do the audience have and how might this satisfy mainstreamers/succeeders etc? Can buy merchandise straight from the store, to follow the popular/ in music.
6)      What is the mode of address? (‘The way a media text speaks to the audience to identify with it?’- the manner, tone and attitude of the magazine) and how does this appeal to the target audience? Straight to the point, informal so feels like they are trying to be our friend, informative, plain and simply put.
7)      How is the brand being positioned?  Quite high up and main stream within their genre of magazine. The leaders of music magazines.
8)      What are their brand values? (If it were a person describe its character) mainstream in the crowd, friendly, keeps up with market trends, informative.

ABCDE Statuses

What products / brands would each category buy?
A. Chanel / Dior
B.  Hugo Boss / Waitrose / M&S
C1. French Connection / High Street stores
C2. Benefit / Topshop
D. Topshop / New Look / Asda
E. Primark / Pound Land / Iceland
What magazines do you think they would consume?
A. Vogue / Forbes / Collector’s magazines
B. Grazia / Cosmopolitan / Guardian
C1. Marie Claire / Sun / Sunday Times
C2. Hello / Heat / Sun
D. OK / Closer
E. TV Guides

Friday, 25 November 2011

Example Exam Question

What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences?

Re-wording the Question
  • What impact are technological developments having on music magazines - their audiences?
  • How are these developments changing the way music magazines are produced/printed/exhibited and how does this change the way audiences consume them?
List of what to include in the Essay
  • convergence has lowered the consumer rate of printed magazines - accessability/portability
  • convergence only exists because of web 2.0 (apps/tablets etc) multiplatform approaches
  • synergy (radio and tv are synergy, put them together on a website and it's convergence)
  • audiences are getting younger because new market trends are moving towards online products
  • costs have risen for printing so they feel more inclined to move with the times
  • new market trends have forced companies to develop to a new technological media
  • will sell less hard copies because it'll be old information (new information is accessed faster online)
  • some magazines may go corrupt (knitting magazine) because the audience won't be in touch with the new media technology and printing costs will prevent the company from surviving
  • UGC (forums, polls and uploading images etc) - connecting the audience - prosumers.
  • Awards: NME and Metal Hammer host and win award shows. - another form of synergy
  • fans are rebelling against big mags and making their own "fanzines" consumers are the competetition
  • inclined to make print mags AND website - financial burden is larger for magazines
  • social networking sites (facebook, myspace etc) - synergy and convergence
  • twitter is a enemy, we can follow the celeb directly instead of second hand info on websites
  • prelifertation of media and websites, so many and so much choice - advertising competativeness
  • NME and Metal Hammer have a USP which keeps their audiences gripped
  • audience needs to feel beneficial - i.e. comeptitions etc (keeping them gripped)
  • refer back to the future and the rupert murdoch quote in the essay

Wednesday, 23 November 2011

Opening and Closing Paragraph

OPENING
  • Begin with a clear argument about the new challenges facing the magazine industry incorporating how much audience consumption has changed due to digital technology/new media technologies/the development of the internet (Web 2.0)
  • Must state the industry you have studied - will be embeded into the first paragraph.
  • "Technology is shifting power away from editor's, the publishers, the establishment, the media elite, now it's the people who are taking control." (Murdoch, 2006) - use this quote.

Own opening paragraph:

Media has changed dramatically over the last decade, convergence is becoming more frequent as market changes demand more from the producer. NME, for example, have a 'one stop' website where their customers can access them more frequently and have advantages of buying tickets and chatting about the latest magazine; giving their producer feedback on the product. The media world is taking a rapid step forward into more of a technological stage "Technology is shifting power away from editor's, the publishers, the establishment, the media elite, now it's the people who are taking control." (Murdoch, 2006) Media is no longer one way giver of information, consumers are now able to feed back and help industries move forward with the latest demands.

CLOSING
  • Draw all of the essay together in one sentence, refer back to opening paragraph.
  • What is the future of the magazine industry?

Own closing paragarph:

The big question is, will magazines survive? "Cars didn't replace horses. Horse riding evolved from transportation into recreation." (Jason Dojc) Due to convergence, the magazine itself might be wiped clean, but I believe that some form of media will stay. An example is Wired magazine, they have placed a 3D version of their produc onto a tablet, so you can view their magazinr to the fullest instead of just looking at an unmovable piece of paper. The potential of Web 2.0 is unknown and could be used as the next step for magazine industries to place their product; it's a large step in the media world, but new market demands are forcing instutions to adapt to new media trends.


Example Question: Discuss the issues raised by an institution's need to target specific audiences within a media industry which you have studied?

Re-word: What issues are raised in the magazine industry when trying to target a specific audience?

Make a list of issues you are able to bring up:
  • New market trends
  • Stereotypes and age
  • How someone would access the product
  • New media technologies
  • Being niche (Metal Hammer) or mainstream (NME) - NME can appeal to a wider audience; means more synergies - Reading Festival. Helps create awareness. Whereas Metal Hammer wouldn't fit in at Reading Festival.
  • Loyal consumers (Metal Hammer) have to concerntrate on mode of address. Meet their needs - be current with the latest trends (NME and Metal Hammer are both front runners with their music).
  • Probably more loyal consumer to an online site because you'll be constantly up to date whereas in a paper magazine, a massive event could happen a day afer you ship out so you can't update it in your magazine.
  • Need to offer UGC (user generated content) to keep customers loyal (polls, forums, etc).
  • Advertising is 1/3 of their profit.
  • Mode of address, design and layout; how to move around their website. 
  • Synergy and Convergence.

Wednesday, 16 November 2011

A little NME Information

NME reports an ABC of 29,020 and continues to be an exemplar of a modern multiplatform media brand, serving its core audience of 16-24 year-olds online, via social media, on TV, radio, mobile, through live events and in print and reaches over one million consumers each week (ABC, JUNE 2011)

Krissi Murison, editor of NME, says: “NME has always been committed to championing new music. By opening the doors to our studio, we're also now able to offer artists the opportunity to create all the content they need to go out and make a big impact on music fans everywhere.”

NME Productions follows the recent launch of NME Breakthrough, an innovative community platform on NME.COM championing new music, enabling bands, artists and individual users to upload their own content including music and video, create customisable profiles for themselves or their acts, and grow their own fan bases through community engagement.

Today also sees the launch of the new NME Radar CD featuring some of the hottest acts to appear in Radar – NME's multiplatform franchise dedicated to taking the best new music to music fans each week.

Monday, 14 November 2011

Exemplar response to Section B: Magazine Industry

In recent times the media industry has witnessed meteoric rise in new technologies.  The advancement of the internet, for example, as it entered its second phase enables consumers to access media in new and unparalleled ways.  For the magazine industry, this has presented both challenges and opportunities.
Print media is mostly in decline, a worry of course for producers of magazines.  Therefore they must assess just how important technological convergence is for helping their magazine to survive in the long run.
The Future Plc title Metal Hammer is a monthly rock and metal magazine that has existed since 1994. In that time, Metal Hammer has built a reputation as a bible of both modern and traditional metal music. It’s publisher, Future, is an independent company with a portfolio of magazines aimed at niche market sectors.  As a whole, Future, has performed well in a declining market, with Metal Hammer and Classic Rock reporting increases in circulation, with Metal Hammer reaching a circulation of 50,269 and classic rock 70, 188 (ABC, Dec 08).  Perhaps Futures strategies involving technological convergence have something to do with this success.  One of their ‘pillars’ of business strategies is to implore upon their existing convergences in order to further appeal to prosumers.  This is important; Future defines ‘prosumers’ as “young men or young-at-heart men (Future licensing.com). In general this demographic will be one of the most technologically involved, in the know about the latest technologies.  They are also, incidentally the most valuable demographics for advertisers.  In this respect, convergence is extremely important for Future and indeed Metal Hammer in retaining advertising revenue.  Advertising revenue has already fallen for Future, as they already saw a 15% drop in advertising from December 08-March 09 (futurelicensing.com, 2009).  It is therefore, vital that they use technological convergences to remain advanced enough to attract advertisers.
Metal Hammer’s target audience is a young audience, interested in music, “converging adults”, according to futurelicensing.com The National Readership survey 08, the latest available, shows Metal Hammer readers to be 64% male, average age 22.  Again, this is an audience that will be interested in many forms of media. So for Metal Hammer to maintain their loyalty they must fulfil their newly evolving needs (Uses and Gratifications, McQuail).
The Metal Hammer website is a demonstration of convergence, and has proved popular with nearly 60,000 individual visitors since starting (futurelicensing.com).  Alex’s web traffic analysis suggests that visitors are mostly male, aged between 18 and 24 and spend around 2.7 minutes on Metal Hammer.co.uk. Therefore the website has apparently targeted the right audience for Metal Hammer.  Users can interact, voting in polls such as “who has the best slipknot mask?” giving users the sense that they are contributing to a community. They are also educated and entertained with video exclusives, Metallica Live, and Opeth on tour.  In this way convergence maintains interest in the Metal Hammer brand.  Web 2.0 allows users to submit and generate a content, so Metal Hammer has competition in that users can go elsewhere for such videos.  It is up to Convergence in order to provide the best service for users.
Metal Hammer has also had successful synergies created as a result of convergence.  On 2008, Metal hammer.co.uk encourages users to send in photos taken on their mobiles of them playing “Guitar Heroes”, combining the internet with mobile technology.  The guitar hero synergy combined with a party sponsored by Metal Hammer at the O2 (Metal Hammer.co.uk), Podcasts have allowed content to be sent faster than ever to multi-media formats.
Indeed, distribution is an interesting issue to consider for the magazines industry.  The internet, podcasts and video channels allow readers to access their wanted content within seconds.  Where as hard copies of a magazine must be ordered or brought from a shop. Indeed it could be suggested that the gathering of content from the internet or mobile has replaced the need for buying the magazine itself, as subscriptions for Metal Hammer rose 8% from Dec-march 09 (futurelicensing.co.uk) suggesting there is not the same novelty when buying a magazine. 
However, whilst technological convergence is important for the magazine industry, publishers must consider that the extra content offered to consumers via convergences in technology, could replace the magazine itself.  IPC’s NME is an example of this as circulation dropped 24.1%, whilst its website has been praised for the amount of content on offer.  Metal Hammer has a unique community created by the interacting mode of address; ‘Join the Crusade’ and writing style filled with expletives ‘F*** You!’, readers of Metal Hammer feel a string sense of unrivalled community within the magazine.  The magazine sticks close to its ideologies of anti-establishment , avant-garde by  featuring adverts appropriate to his such as Attitude Clothing and HMV Metal, whilst the website has adverts by O2, Orange and T-mobile.
Overall techno convergence is important as consumers needs alter and change but for the magazine industry to survive they must make any technological advancements not a replacement for the hard copy of the magazine as Future have so far successfully done.  As online advertising reached 18% for future it is important.

 Analyse, Argument
Example
Terminology

Media Terminology in the Future

Web 1.0 was the first of the internet - a one way communication, from the sender to the receiver.
Web 2.0 is what we know the internet to be from, sender to receiver and return.
(--> allowed magazines etc to evolve)

A 'Prosumer' is a combination of the words:
- Producer
- Consumer
With advances in technology it is possible for us to be film producers and distributors. We are able to be all the media that wasn’t able to be successful to us.
NME and Metal Hammer give the receiver an opportunity to give feedback.

Media Convergence

Technological Convergence:Each media has its own platform – radio, internet, music, magazines.

Convergence of technology occurs when multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.



Media Convergence:Mixing the old and new for media changes:
Can also be on magazines distributors, 'communities'; on the internet they now allow you to upload photos, reviews, music and even share it for your own web pages. It gives you the option to advertise.
Magazines based around radio stations have merged to mix radio with the internet; it multitasks on the web page to give you both the Medias. This is the multiplatform approach.
Synergy
The interaction of two or more forces where there combined effect is greater than their original effect: Magazine example: NME radio station/sponsorship of festivals and events = synergised marketing.
The advances in technology mean tweets, Facebook, RSS feed are able to connect with the Medias to give a stronger experience.
Some Medias connect with physical promotions like toys and so on to give a synergised effect.

Viral Marketing
A marketing technique aiming at reproducing 'word of mouth', usually on the internet and through existing social networks; Word of mouth is still the strongest advertising, is a trust technique.

Guerrilla Marketing
The use of unconventional and low cost marketing strategies to raise awareness of a product: E.g. putting up the old ‘Wanted’ signs from the Wild West posters/commissioning works of graffiti.
Advertising needs to be unique, marketing is getting harder to be the best at distributing their products, experimenting is now more than ever the most important part; name just doesn’t cut it anymore.

UGC - User generated content:

Content that has been generated by the consumer/user.

USP - Unique selling point:
Making a product different from competitors: the USP of NME is the radio station behind the magazine.

POD - Point of Difference:

Differentiating a product from another; making it unique; the actual way in which a product is different from another in the same market
Example sentence: The USP and perhaps the POD of NME compared to Metal Hammer is that the offer a multiplatform website.

UPB - Unique Percieved Benifit
How a product can benefit you, magazines, the fact you are talking to fans of the same magazine. But also that it may benefit some niche magazines more as it’s based around one particular area.

Loyal consumers/Brand loyalty
Consumer community which means they will never leave their side, always go back and be truthful to their brand. Similar to fans of music which means part of the band always stays as a favourite.

Vertical Integration
Adsorption of several firms into a single firm involved in all aspects of a products manufacture from raw materials to distribution; For example, Rockstar games have become vertically integrated by buying developers they have previously worked with, such as DMA design who became Rockstar north and angel studios who became Rockstar north San Diego. By doing this Rockstar have control over development, funding and marketing of their products.

Monday, 7 November 2011

Section B - Magazine Institution

The exam question won't be specific to the magazine institution.

Will be preparing a case study on two different magazines.

Will learn how the magazines are produced, distributedexhibited and consumed.

The importance of advertising will be a major feature.


Two music magazines;

Mainstream = IPC Media - 'NME' - wide variety of music so larger target market.

Niche = Future PLC - 'METAL HAMMER' - niche means smaller, focuses on certain genre.


Possible Questions:

How important is technological convergence for institutions and audiences?

With reference to your chosen case study consider how important interactivity is to media institutions?

What has the impact of increased connectivity been on the media production, distribution and exhibition process?


So... What is the future of the magazine market?

- Before looking into the two magazines in detail, you need to really understand the impact of the changing media.


WORK TO DO:
Produce a creative presentation discussing what you believe to be the future of magazines. Don't copy, research the topic in detail and come to your own conclusions using your findings. (quotes, statistics, audience research findings)

BE CREATIVE. Not nesicarily a PowerPoint.

Sunday, 6 November 2011

Representation of Ethnicity

Stereotypes:
Asian people: Rich, business people, religious, have been portrayed as terrorists, good at making curry. Own cornershops. They have big families and the all live in one house with all relatives.
Travellers: AKA gypsies, are usually Irish/foreign (Bulgarian/Romanian). We associate them with fun fairs, live in caravans, they take over peoples land/destroy it. They make a mess and steal. Lacking in education. Wear vests and jeans and slobber everywhere sometimes long hair. Excess of lynx. Women wear big dresses and hooped gold earrings. British/Irish travellers prefer to be called ‘Travellers’
Polish people: cheap labour. Poor. Have young families. Own kebab, chicken, pizza shops. Take all of our jobs. e.g. builders

Common Representation of Race:
Black people
  • žUsually linked to black men
  • žCrime
  • žLiving in slums
  • žOn welfare
  • žNeed help from community
  • žLess intelligent 
  • žOver sexual
ž
White people
  • žDumb blondes
  • žGreedy
  • žMaterialistic
  • žBusinessmen
  • žMiddle/upper class
  • žPosh/ well spoken
ž
Asian people
  • žDoctors
  • žEngineers
  • žMathematicians
  • žNewsagents- small businesses – entrepreneur
  • žIgnorant
  • žExtremely smart people
  • žMen are threats to white women
  • žInsensitive
  • žDisrespectful towards women

Representation of Regional Identity

What is regional identity?
Regional identity is identifying a person's identity which is planted in the setting, speech, costumes etc and the region they live in.

How can you identify regional identity?
  • Setting
  • Accents 
  • Dialogue
  • Props
  • Make up
  • Class of characters
  • Costumes etc

P.E.E Example
Point – your comment about the area of representation
e.g.  Youth is represented through diegetic sound.
Evidence – your micro element that tells us this
e.g. The dialogue is colloquial.
Explainlink the two
e.g.  This conforms to a stereotypical view of young teenagers, that they are rebellious in speaking their own language.

Shameless Clip 1:
- common accents
- clothing that is rough although they're trying to look nice
- unshaven and unkempt haircuts
- swearing 'corse i will you daft git'
- common council street
- refers to a baseball bat when not knowing who's at the door

P.E.E
Regional identity is represented in Shameless by the the setting. Set in a council estate with dogs barking and people out at night conforms that this is a working class place.

Shameless Clip 2:
- pub toilets, women.
- common accents with lots of swearing 'get in here you dirty bitch'
- sleezy make up and common clothing.
- all working or lower class
- lesbians - breaking stereotypes

P.E.E
Identity is also represented through dialogue as words like 'fanny' and 'dirty bitch' are used to reinforce that they are in a common place and are of low status.

Brookside Clip:
- street mixed with young and old people
- Liverpudlian accents - sounds almost common
- lots of yelling and half sentences
- boy racer cars to reinforce they're not of high class
- minimal make up on the women characters
- chavs, tracksuits and slang dialogue

P.E.E 
Regional identity is represented through dialogue and clothing, with common slang accents and casual tracksuits, the clip enforces a common place with lots of physical arguments. Identity is also represented through diegetic sound, no over track music is played when the fight breaks out and all the shouting is conforming that this is a working estate.

The Only Way Is Essex:
- big posh house
- Essex accent, almost sounding common.
- funny abbreviations 'reem'
- bot-ox party, common feel?
- drinking champagne to be posh
- sleezy make up - a bit over the top
- lots of fake tan and done nails, trying too hard to be made up
- working class trying to be middle class
- dresses and heels to an afternoon event at a house

P.E.E
Identity is used in this by Mise En Scene, the lady's are heavily made up for an afternoon party and are drinking champagne to try and show they are higher class, their cheaper versions of branded clothes shows that they aren't quite middle class. Almost seem like they're trying to be Chelsea girls.

Made in Chelsea:
- travelling to France on whim
- posh London, Chelsea accents
- hardly any swearing and no abbreviations 
- really clean finished applied make up
- hair products and the clean 'rough look'
- middle class rich characters
- nice clothing, really posh and never repeats a look
- seem to not know what a relationship is

P.E.E
Identity is shown in this clip by dialogue, they are talking about jetting off to France because they feel like it and because they're middle class they haven't learned the ways of growing up and knowing what a proper relationship is. They pick up and drop each other when they feel like it, and their vocabulary almost seems like they talk down to one another. Overall their posh accents and minimal swearing reinforces their high class.

Wednesday, 2 November 2011

Representation of Sexuality

Heterosexual   Male
Homosexual Male
Strong and masculine – builder, businessman, hands on man.
‘Lads’, suits, looking scruffy, looking more unkempt.
Gym, office, pub, at home with the family.
Feminine, high pitched, camp characteristics.
Androgynous – quite robotic. Well dressed, clean shaven.
Flamboyant colours and patterns – more daring with their clothing. Drink cocktails not beer.
Fashion, hairdressers, primary school teachers.



Heterosexual Female
Homosexual Female
More makeup, flirtatious, long flowing hair. Smell nice, more hygienic.
Receptionist, caring jobs, teachers, cleaners.
Positioned in the home with kids.
Short hair, baggy clothes, more trousers than skirts. Either no makeup or lots of makeup, butch.
P.E Teachers, Military, Bus driver, Security guard.


Representation of Age


YOUTH
OLD
Positive
Not wrinkly
Healthy
Physically and Mentally able
Outgoing
Adventurous
Lack of responsibility
Sociable
Just beginning their lives
Can be innocent
Fun
Experience
Wise
Achievements
Respected
Educated
Responsible
Wealth
Freedom

Negative
Naive
Vulnerable
Influenced
Childish
Rebellious
Lazy and Rude
Restrictions
Mischievous
Hormonal
Stereotyped
Have to be schooled
Unhealthy
Weak
Dreams are restricted
Lonely
Vulnerable
Victimised
Boring
Rude and Bitchy
Grumpy
Dependant
Trustworthy

MISE EN SCENE
Youth - High key lighting
Park or shopping centre
Hoodie

Old - Low key lighting, walking cane. Grey hair and wrinkles, loose denchers, old persons home.


CINEMATOGRAPHY
Youth – High angle shot looking down of the youth. Unfocused shots of drinking and drugs. Panning to show the short attention span. Hand-held shaky camera to show vibrancy.

Old – Unfocused shots to show poor vision. Temporal relations showing the repetitive. Slower pans for older people. Still held camera to show experience.
SOUND
Youth - Loud music, techno etc. Lots of talking and loud noises.

Old - Records playing, simple and stripped down music. Foley sounds.
EDITING
Youth – Lots of short sequences. Straight cuts (montage editing).

Old – Longer length shots. Jump cuts to show passing of time.


Skins Trailer
·         Loud music
·         Dark lighting
·         Night scenes
·         Mostly pubs
·         Slow clips of them laughing
·         Girls laughing loudly
·         Getting drink
·         Blurred of taking drugs
·         Gambling
·         Close ups on drinking
·         Blurred clips when drunk
·         Sudden speed up
·         Fireworks getting bad
·         Diegetic sounds of fighting and arguing
·         Still blurry
·         Music hitting impact
·         Police panning to catch everyone
·         Flashing lights
·         Slow motions of them jumping and running away
·         Long shot of them running off in the smoke
·         Wearing short skirts and lots of make up
·         Normal pub night with quiet people
·         Disturbing the people who are having a good time
·         Fighting with the locals
·         All older people in the pub and a load of drunken youths
·         As soon as the fireworks lit, it gets hectic - Sting
·         Blood splattering on the screen
·         Close up and dolly shots of them running round the pub and upstairs
·         Cross dissolve low angle shot at the end

P.E.E - Example
Point - Your comment about the area of representatione.g. Youth is represented through diegetic sound.
Evidence - Your micro element that tells us this
e.g. The dialogue is colloquial
Explanation - link the two
e.g. This conforms to a stereotypical view of young teenagers, that they are rebellious in speaking their own language.

P.E.E - Youth vs Old
Youth is represented in this clip by placing a gang of drunken teenagers in a quiet pub with middle aged men and women. Close up, blurred shots are used to show the teenagers drinking and taking drugs with bright colours flashing, it then straight cuts to a mid-shot of a middle aged man taking a pull of his drink in dull lighting to show the affect isn’t actually all that great. This shows that the youths aren’t used to drinking and are more influenced by drink and drugs than adults.

P.E.E - Sound
Youth is represented through non-diegetic sound; music over track is used throughout the whole of the clip to show the upbeat personalities of the teenagers, a sting is then used when Cook lights up the firework and diegetic sound is thrown into the sequence and everything speeds up. Lots of shouting and blood splatter is used throughout the fight scene to connote that teenagers like to fight when they get drunk. Overall the music gives a upbeat atmosphere and lets the audience see it from the teenagers point of view.